大气环境质量综合评价加权灰色关联模型的建立与应用

利用灰色理论建立大气环境质量综合评价加权灰色关联模型 ,运用污染贡献率确定权重系数。与其它评价模型相比 ,加权灰色关联模型还具有排序功能 ,实例表明该模型是简便有效的     

Suggested protocol for collecting, handling and preparing peat cores and peat samples for physical, chemical, mineralogical and isotopic analyses

For detailed reconstructions of atmospheric metal deposition using peat cores from bogs, a comprehensive protocol for working with peat cores is proposed. The first step is to locate and determine suitable sampling sites in accordance with the principal goal of the study, the period of time of interest and the precision required. Using the state of the art procedures and field equipment, peat cores are collected in such a way as to provide high quality records for paleoenvironmental study. Pertinent field observations gathered during the fieldwork are recorded in a field report. Cores are kept frozen at -18 degree C until they can be prepared in the laboratory. Frozen peat cores are precisely cut into 1 cm slices using a stainless steel band saw with stainless steel blades. The outside edges of each slice are removed using a titanium knife to avoid any possible contamination which might have occurred during the sampling and handling stage. Each slice is split, with one-half kept frozen for future studies (archived), and the other half further subdivided for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Physical parameters such as ash and water contents, the bulk density and the degree of decomposition of the peat are determined using established methods. A subsample is dried overnight at 105 degree C in a drying oven and milled in a centrifugal mill with titanium sieve. Prior to any expensive and time consuming chemical procedures and analyses, the resulting powdered samples, after manual homogenisation, are measured for more than twenty-two major and trace elements using non-destructive X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. This approach provides lots of valuable geochemical data which documents the natural geochemical processes which occur in the peat profiles and their possible effect on the trace metal profiles. The development, evaluation and use of peat cores from bogs as archives of high-resolution records of atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and trace elements have led to the development of many analytical procedures which now permit the measurement of a wide range of elements in peat samples such as lead and lead isotope ratios, mercury, arsenic, antimony, silver, molybdenum, thorium, uranium, rare earth elements. Radiometric methods (the carbon bomb pulse of (14)C, (210)Pb and conventional (14)C dating) are combined to allow reliable age-depth models to be reconstructed for each peat profile.     

乌鲁木齐市餐饮业油烟污染的调查及防治初探

通过对乌鲁木齐市20家餐饮业油烟污染的调查分析，结果表明，乌鲁木齐市餐饮业油烟污染严重，并提出了防治措施。     

深圳市几种空气污染物浓度日变化特征分析

通过对深圳市2002年8月至2003年8月五种空气污染物浓度日变化特征、相互关系及不同天气条件下的变化,与人们活动的关系等进行分析,试图找出深圳空气污染的主要成因及变化规律,为环境规划决策提供科学依据。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定烟草中有机氯农药残留

研究了烟草中六六六及滴滴涕异构体含量的气相色谱分析方法.样品以石油醚 丙酮在索氏提取器中提取,提取液以浓硫酸净化.采用DB-5弹性石英毛细管柱分离样品,GC-ECD检测农药六六六、滴滴涕的残留量.方法的线性范围为2.27×10-13～7.66×10-11g;最小检测量为1.3×10-8～3.0×10-7 μg,加标平均回收率为95.3%～103.3%,RSD为2.8%～4.5%.     

合成洗涤剂对小鼠诱变性研究

连续５天腹腔注射同一剂量（１／５ＬＤ５０）的合成洗涤剂，取小鼠骨髓细胞测定嗜多染色红细胞的微核率，研究表明，３种合成洗涤剂（加大香洗衣粉，洁牌餐具洗涤剂，恩威高级餐具洗洁精）使小鼠微核率有所增高，但恩威，洁牌餐具洗涤剂与对照无显著性差异。     

深圳港盐田港区生态环境影响回顾性分析

根据历次盐田港港口建设所进行的生态环境现状调查资料，对盐田港建港至今的生态环境进行分析，得出盐田港所在海域的生态环境质量状况并未因港口的建设和规模扩大而发生明显变化的结论。     

基于AHP-MF模型的用户群节水指标体系研究

从分析影响用户群节水的因素及其构成关系入手,根据专家长期节水工作的经验,利用层次分析法对用户群节水指标进行优选,并提出全面的定量化和定性化的层次结构评价模式和总体评价方法.首先构建用户群节水的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,应用Matlab6.5计算出各判断矩阵的最大特征值及其特征向量,并检验判断矩阵的一致性,继而确定出各指标的权重;其次,应用Fuzzy统计的方法对陕西2006年度高校用户群的节水情况进行评价,并为节水工作提供建设性意见.     

准确测定高锰酸盐指数考核样的方法

根据长期的实际操作经验，要准确测定高锰酸盐指数值，在样品分析中，水浴时间不能少于35min；K值在0．980-1．010；滴定时温度保持在70℃。以提高测定结果的准确度。     

在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。